Abstract Background Having HIV/AIDS has been associated with a higher prevalence of smoking. Moreover, evidence suggests that people with HIV/AIDS who smoke have poorer treatment and survival outcomes. The HIV–smoking relationship is understudied in sub-Saharan Africa, where tobacco use patterns and...

Highlights Among VA patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and HCV and/or HIV, about half had drug use disorder (DUD). DUD was associated with increased receipt of specialty addictions treatment for AUD. DUD was associated with receipt of pharmacotherapy in persons with HCV, but not HIV. Abstract...